Which approach focuses on repairing harm and rebuilding relationships rather than punishment?

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Restorative discipline centers on repairing harm and rebuilding relationships after a misstep. When harm occurs, all those affected come together to understand what happened, take responsibility, and decide on concrete steps to repair the damage and prevent it from happening again. The aim is to restore trust, keep students connected to learning, and help everyone move forward, rather than simply punishing the behavior. Practices like restorative circles, conferences, and collaborative agreements bring the community into the process and focus on accountability, empathy, and repairing the relationships that were affected. This stands in contrast to punitive approaches that prioritize sanctions or exclusion without addressing the relational damage or the underlying reasons for the behavior. The other options describe different disciplinary concepts—one offers a variety of management strategies, another emphasizes maintaining positive expectations, and the last centers on clear agreements—yet none inherently center the healing of relationships and harm in the same way restorative discipline does.